In an escalation of civil unrest, Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina announced on 29 September 2025 that he would dissolve his government, including Prime Minister Christian Ntsay’s administration, following days of widespread youth-led protests across the country. The demonstrations, spearheaded by younger Malagasy citizens often labeled under the “Gen Z” banner, had erupted primarily in the capital Antananarivo in response to persistent failures in water and electric power supply, which critics say reflect deeper issues of governance and infrastructure neglect.

The protests, which began around 25 September, were met by heavy security responses, including use of tear gas and rubber bullets, amid reports of vandalism, looting, and road blockades. According to the United Nations, at least 22 people have died and more than 100 have been injured in the confrontations. The government disputes some of these numbers.

In a televised address, President Rajoelina apologized if members of his government had not met public expectations and pledged to hear the demands of protesters. He has called for applications to form a new government, giving a three-day window for suggestions for a new prime minister. Meanwhile, the dismissed officials are expected to continue in caretaker roles until a new cabinet is established.

Protesters have demanded more than just service improvements; many have called for accountability, transparency, and in some cases the resignation of the president himself. The movement has drawn comparisons to recent Gen Z-inspired protest movements in Kenya and Nepal, particularly in terms of social media mobilization and youth engagement.

The government has responded with a mix of concessions and suppression: a curfew has been enforced in major cities, security forces have intervened, and the Energy Minister was dismissed earlier amid escalating anger. 

This political crisis underscores growing frustration among younger Malagasy citizens over deteriorating public services and economic conditions. Madagascar is among the world’s poorest nations, and many view failures in basic infrastructure—electricity, water—as emblematic of broader systemic issues. The dissolution of the government is a dramatic move for Rajoelina, who has held significant influence since first seizing power in 2009 and then winning re-election in 2023. The 

As the country awaits the formation of a new government, the next days will be critical. Whether the administration can address protesters’ demands meaningfully, restore essential services, and rebuild public trust remains to be seen. The way forward will likely determine if the unrest subsides peacefully or escalates further.